Matter: Properties and Change
What are atoms?
Atoms are the basic building blocks that make up matter. People, plants, and even your computer is made up of atoms. They consist of a nucleus that contains protons, or positively charged particles, and neutrons, or neutrally charged particles. Around this nucleus are negatively charged electrons, which are constantly moving around. An atom is mostly empty, with the majority of its mass in the nucleus. |
Compounds & Mixtures:
Molecules and atoms can be combined in various ways. These are: Elements- are made up of identical atoms bonded together. Examples include silver and mercury. Compounds- Compounds are made up of one type of molecule that are chemically combined together. You cannot distinguish one type of molecule from another Some examples include water and salt (sodium chloride). Mixture- Unlike compounds, mixtures are made up of atoms/molecules that are not chemically combined. 1. Homogeneous Mixture: All atoms/molecules in this mixture are the same ratio throughout the entire substance, but are not chemically bonded to one another (salad that only consists of cucumbers) 2. Heterogeneous Mixture: Different atoms/molecules are mixed together (salad with lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers) |
States of Matter:
There are 4 known common observable states of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
Plasma may not seem like a state of matter, and if it does exist, most people think it is a rare form. However, we see plasma all the time in the form of electricity.
There are 4 known common observable states of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
Plasma may not seem like a state of matter, and if it does exist, most people think it is a rare form. However, we see plasma all the time in the form of electricity.
Law of Matter of Conservation::
This law states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. The same atoms/molecules on Earth today are the same ones that existed billions of years ago. While atoms cannot be created or destroyed, they can rearrange themselves to form new molecules, compounds, and mixtures.
This law states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. The same atoms/molecules on Earth today are the same ones that existed billions of years ago. While atoms cannot be created or destroyed, they can rearrange themselves to form new molecules, compounds, and mixtures.
A Deeper Look into Water:
Water is a fascinating substance, covering more than half of Earth’s surface. Without water, life as we know it today would not exist.
Water has many properties that make it so useful:
Water is a fascinating substance, covering more than half of Earth’s surface. Without water, life as we know it today would not exist.
Water has many properties that make it so useful:
Other Matters
In addition to regular matter, scientists have identified several other types of matter. These are: dark matter, antimatter, and negative matter
Antimatter- Believe or not, this matter has been proven to exist and can be created in a lab. Antimatter is just like regular matter in every way, except it has opposite charges. An atom’s electron’s charge is positive instead of negative, and is called a positron.
Dark matter- scientists have been aware of something in the universe, but aren’t quite sure what it is, hence the name “dark”. It only interacts by means of gravity and weak atomic forces, but it’s other properties are yet to be studied. But scientists approximate that this matter makes up about ¼ of all the matter in the universe.
Negative matter- this is a hypothetical form of matter. It has negative energy, mass, and gravitational pull. It also repels everyday matter
Antimatter- Believe or not, this matter has been proven to exist and can be created in a lab. Antimatter is just like regular matter in every way, except it has opposite charges. An atom’s electron’s charge is positive instead of negative, and is called a positron.
Dark matter- scientists have been aware of something in the universe, but aren’t quite sure what it is, hence the name “dark”. It only interacts by means of gravity and weak atomic forces, but it’s other properties are yet to be studied. But scientists approximate that this matter makes up about ¼ of all the matter in the universe.
Negative matter- this is a hypothetical form of matter. It has negative energy, mass, and gravitational pull. It also repels everyday matter
Associated Experiments/Videos
Below are some videos to watch and some experiments to try out. These are related to the topic of matter. Have fun!
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Tell us how your experiments went - send us an email or write a guest blog post about your experiences!
References:
https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html
https://scepticalprophet.wordpress.com/2013/05/02/the-difference-between-antimatter-and-dark-matter-in-a-nutshell/
https://www.spaceweathercenter.org/amazing_plasmas/02/02.html
http://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/sstutorial/Text1/Tx14/tx14.html
Images:
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dLqBBWcV1WM/maxresdefault.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ii1yjkSSSgg/UYoAizJ8UeI/AAAAAAAAI9U/Ov5Y9xwrq6o/s400/atomic_diagram_color.png
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/63/28/4f/63284fdcde3e76c05634c7af9c6abb6d.jpg
http://acamrmicheal.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/7/5/22757762/8419813_orig.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Physics_matter_state_transition_1_en.svg/2000px-Physics_matter_state_transition_1_en.svg.png
https://quantumbiologist.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/water-strider-2.jpg
https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html
https://scepticalprophet.wordpress.com/2013/05/02/the-difference-between-antimatter-and-dark-matter-in-a-nutshell/
https://www.spaceweathercenter.org/amazing_plasmas/02/02.html
http://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/sstutorial/Text1/Tx14/tx14.html
Images:
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dLqBBWcV1WM/maxresdefault.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ii1yjkSSSgg/UYoAizJ8UeI/AAAAAAAAI9U/Ov5Y9xwrq6o/s400/atomic_diagram_color.png
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/63/28/4f/63284fdcde3e76c05634c7af9c6abb6d.jpg
http://acamrmicheal.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/7/5/22757762/8419813_orig.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Physics_matter_state_transition_1_en.svg/2000px-Physics_matter_state_transition_1_en.svg.png
https://quantumbiologist.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/water-strider-2.jpg